The airline industry was founded on principles of Speed, Safety, Security, and Convenience. However, the evolutionary demand has outpaced its growth, leading to catastrophic results which in part triggered an avalanche of advancements.

The introduction of jet engines, short take off or vertical takeoff aircraft, etc. heralded an era of conformity to changing climate of aviation.

Nonetheless my focus is on runway variables that can improve upon the degree of safety to begin with.

In the first place the distance of the average runway is around 3 Km for standard passenger planes. Take off might need that for stable acceleration or for jerk-free landings but given the space constraints in ever-growing urban dwellings, this needs a second opinion. Besides, atmospheric phenomenon often upsets the smooth runway operations in many ways -- rains, hurricanes, snow, etc. -- most notable to quote is Concorde disaster.

With this in mind I suggest the following:

• covered runway
• ramped runway
• twin runway for landing take off
• concrete or light material dome or even high structure over it
• adjustable ramp to reduce landing time or distance
• if possible opposite or parallel landing and take off

This would eliminate the need for snow evacuation or would keep it free of dust or rocky material possible brought in by winds or storms. The runway tunnel can be made sound-proof and can be provided with shutter to prevent entry of birds, etc., while the ramp would be driven by hydraulics or can be made permanent depending upon load. Second runway can be parallel or in opposite direction as landing and takeoff would be in opposite direction. The ramp arrangement would reduce landing distance. However, both would be covered.