Our initiative, the Thermoelectric-Based (Vaccine) Storage System, aims to deliver a dependable and portable solution for preserving the ideal storage temperature necessary for vaccines through the use of a Peltier module, an Arduino microcontroller, and a rechargeable battery. Vaccines are extremely sensitive to fluctuations in temperature and must be stored within the range of 2°C to 8°C to maintain their efficacy. In remote or rural regions where access to traditional refrigeration is scarce or inconsistent, ensuring effective cold chain management presents a significant challenge. To tackle this problem, our system utilizes the thermoelectric principle with a Peltier module (TEC1-12706), which is a solid-state device that cools one side while heating the opposite side when an electric current is applied. The cold side is affixed to a small, insulated storage chamber designed for vaccine storage, while the hot side is linked to a heat sink and cooling fan to expel excess heat and uphold efficiency.

To energize the system, we incorporate a rechargeable battery, rendering the unit entirely portable and self-sufficient from a continuous electricity supply. This feature is particularly advantageous for vaccine transportation and rural health facilities where power interruptions are frequent. An Arduino microcontroller is embedded within the system to consistently monitor and regulate the internal temperature utilizing digital temperature sensors such as the DS18B20. The Arduino contrasts real-time temperature measurements against predetermined thresholds and adjusts the power supply to the Peltier module via a relay or MOSFET circuit. This closed-loop control mechanism guarantees that the system sustains a stable and secure environment for the vaccines, preventing overheating or overcooling. Additionally, the Arduino oversees the display of temperature information on an LCD screen for straightforward monitoring by healthcare personnel.

The incorporation of lightweight components and a compact design facilitates the convenient transportation of the storage unit. Further enhancements, such as battery level indicators and solar charging capabilities, can be integrated to augment the system’s functionality and sustainability.