Conventional canes used by visually impaired individuals have limitations in providing information about their surroundings. To meet the need for safer, more comfortable, and independent mobility, a smart cane based on the Internet of Things (IoT) technology was developed, equipped with distance sensors, a GPS module, and smartphone connectivity. 

This innovation is an adaptive medical solution aimed at improving the quality of life for visually impaired individuals, particularly in navigation and spatial orientation for daily activities.

Features and Implemented Technologies

Distance Sensor

• Position: Located at the top of the cane.
• Function: Detects the presence of objects or obstacles at a certain distance in front of the user.
• Feedback: Sends vibration or sound signals (via speaker or earphones) to alert users of nearby obstacles.
• Benefit: Prevents collisions with objects in the user's path, including vehicles, walls, poles, or people.

Smart Obstacle Detection

• Detection Capability: Able to recognize obstacle types based on height and depth:
• Low obstacles such as holes, descending stairs, or uneven surfaces.
• High obstacles such as tree branches, signs, or hanging objects.
• Technology: Uses a combination of sensors and data processing algorithms to classify obstacle types.
• Benefit: Helps users anticipate various risks in complex environments.

GPS Module (Global Positioning System)

• Main function: Tracks the user's location in real-time.
• Integration with smartphone application: Allows map-based navigation, voice guidance, and emergency location sharing.
• Advantage: Very useful if the user gets lost or needs help; the location can be viewed by family members or companions.

Smartphone Connectivity via Bluetooth

• Companion App: The cane connects to a smartphone app that displays:
• Real-time location maps
• Notifications of nearby obstacles
• Emergency call feature
• Voice Control: Some functions can be activated using voice commands, providing convenience without touching the device.
• Additional Benefit: Allows family members to periodically monitor the user's position to ensure safety.

It integrates ultrasonic or infrared sensors, a GPS module, and wireless communication via Bluetooth to provide real-time feedback on the surrounding environment. With ergonomic design and adaptive features, this cane aims to minimize accident risks and enhance independence in both public and private areas.

This IoT-based smart cane is an assistive technology innovation that not only functions as a walking aid but also as an integrated intelligent navigation support system. By combining sensor technology, GPS, and smartphone connectivity, this device effectively addresses mobility and safety challenges faced by visually impaired persons. This innovation reinforces the role of technology in the medical and rehabilitation fields and demonstrates a commitment to inclusivity and equal access in social life.