Reduction of drag and boosting of lift to drag ratio is of paramount importance to maximize flight efficiency. Body shape has a major role in producing drag. In order to reduce drag and increase lift to drag ratio I have successfully developed a new concept after spending several years to research. The concept is described below.

Using cycloid profile sideward acceleration smoothly changes from zero to peak then to zero so there would not by sudden impulses or momentum changes of fluid and sideward velocity of fluid smoothly changes from zero to peak and the to zero. This causes what’s known as 3D relieving, for example a cylinder has smooth up (y+) and down (y-) flow during a passage through a fluid. A Sphere has additional left (x+) and right(x-) flow, resulting in less velocity of flow around body and thereby less drag, this effect is commonly known as 3D relieving. Using cycloid profile for body as described in this description, you have additional smooth flow of fluid from front (z+) to back (z-) resulting in less peak velocity and average velocity of flow of fluid around body resulting in less drag. In a sense cycloid profile causes 3D reliving effect of flow of fluid from front to back of body , so velocity around body will be low resulting in less drag. While using Cycloid profile when top and bottom streamlines join vertical component of velocity will be zero so turbulence will be very less.

Cycloid wings trailing end is similar to water droplet. Water droplet Is Nature’s chosen shape for drag reduction. When calculating perfect aerodynamic shape, you have to consider the surface tension of water in a rain droplet.

There is concept known as hydrodynamic mass (added mass) in fluids of high density like water, cycloid profile can reduce hydrodynamic fluid mass and reduce drag. So this cycloid profile can be used in ships, boats and torpedoes. When a body moves through a fluid, it must push a finite mass of fluid out of the way. If the body is accelerated, the surrounding fluid must also be accelerated. The body behaves as if it were heavier by an amount called the hydrodynamic mass (also called the added or virtual mass) of the fluid. According to potential theory, the hydrodynamic mass of a sphere equals one half of its displaced mass, independent of the direction of motion. A similar result a cylinder of length L, assuming two-dimensional motion. The cylinder’s hydrodynamic mass equals its displaced mass. Cylinder has full displaced mass as added mass sphere has one half of displaced mass as added mass; So you can see that 3D relieving effect is also applicable to hydrodynamic mass (added mass). So you can clearly see that front to back 3D relieving effect of cycloid will result in least drag for a displaced mass and cross section area.

More details at below

https://sites.google.com/view/kerwingandbody2/